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Model calibration
Model calibration is the first stage of model testing in which model coefficients, not independently measured, are varied within theoretically defensible ranges so that simulations of state variables (e.g., material concentrations) match observations. Independent determination of a number of key coefficients further constrains the calibration process, reducing the number of coefficients subject to variation (and thereby reducing the "degrees of freedom"). This reduces the chances that calibration is achieved with inaccurately quantified processes that are essentially compensating errors.
Model Verification
Model verification is the second stage of model testing. It is the demonstration of model fit for a distinctly different set of environmental conditions, with the same suite of coefficients used in calibration.
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